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What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East
Authored by historian Bernard Lewis, this volume examines the historical shift in power, technology, and influence between the Islamic world and the West over the past five centuries. The author traces how a civilization that once led the world in science, military prowess, and culture began to fall behind starting from the Ottoman era. The book analyzes the Middle East\'s responses to Western modernization, institutional reform attempts, military adaptation, and the eventual rise of secular and fundamentalist movements.
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